Errata for Mapping Time

First printing

During writing the rough draft, typing the manuscript, typesetting, copyediting, correction of galley proofs, correction of page proofs, there is considerable scope for the introduction of errors. Here some that have been found since publication.   Errors detected after September 10th 1999 are reported in: Further errors in all printings

Back to Mapping Time book page
Errors present in second printing
Errors present in paperback edition

Misprints and errors in the text of the first printing

August 10th 2000

Many, but not all, of the corrections listed below have been made in the second printing.
 

   Preface  line 10      Replace:     Leibenrood
                                 by:             Liebenrood

                 line 6 up   Replace:     ; and to Professor
                                 by:             ; to Professor

                 line 5 up   Replace:    year.
                                 by:            year;   and to Dr. Anna Adinolfi and the Superintendent of
                                                 Archaeology at Pompeii for tracking down figure 21.2

   pxii    Line L            Replace:  of the calendar
                                  by:           of the Mayan calendar

   pxiii   line  3             Replace:  seven to
                                  by:          seven to a

            line 5              Replace:  1505
                                  by:           1503
 
   pxiv  line 9               Replace:  Holding the nocturnal vertically at arms'
                                  by:           With the nocturnal held vertically at arm's

   pxv   line 11            Replace:  1994
                                  by:           1944

   pxvi  line 1 up         Replace:   parliament
                                 by:           Parliament

   pxvii line  9             Replace:   that time
                                 by::           the time

   pxix  line 16 up        Replace: heiroglyphs
                                  by:          hieroglyphs

   pxxi  line 2 up          Replace:  details may
                                  by:           details and a list of any misprints found in this book may

           bottom line      The author's web site should read:
                                     http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/egrichards/

   p5     line 19            Replace: became
                                  by:          become

   p6     line 17 up       Replace:  was
                                  by:          were

   p11  line 20 up        Replace:  Revelations
                                  by:          Revelation

           line 17 up        Replace: color class
                                  by:         exercises

   p12  line 7               Replace:  cosmalogies
                                  by:           cosmologies

           line 16             Replace:  monante
                                  by:           nonante

   p16  line 2 up          Replace:  Juinp
                                  by:          Junip
                                  Note: My source says 'Juinp' but 'Junip' sounds better!

   p23  line 2               Replace:   2.3
                                  by:            2.1

           line 5               Replace:  time as
                                  by:           time, as
 
           figure 2.5         R (right ascension)  is shown as being measured clockwise from A. It should be measured anti-clockwise. i.e. The arc measured by R should start at AO and proceed anti-clockwise to the other radius, rather than proceeding clockwise.

   p30  line 19             Replace:  temperature
                                  by:           temperate

   p35  Table 2.4         The names given as those of  Chinese authors are in reality the names of Chinese calendars

           line 7               Note: The azimuth is the true bearing measured from the pole; the (magnetic) compass
                                            bearing is measured from magnetic North.

   p36   Figure 2.6

The angle between the plane of the orbit of the moon and that of the earth should be 5o

The direction of the lunar and earth's orbits are in the wrong sense

   p37  line 2 up          Replace:  but is was
                                  by:          but it was

   p41  line 6               Replace:  1608 Ptolemy
                                  by:           1608. Ptolemy

   p45  Table 3.1       Remove the line between 'Republican' and 'France'

                                 Replace:    1 chalakim
                                 by:             1 chalak

   p46  line 14 up        Replace:  that successive
                                  by:           that the successive

           line 8 up          Replace:  in the ceilings
                                  by:          on the ceilings

   p58  line 4               Replace:  A mechanism
                                  by:           The mechanism

           line 8               Replace:  to powered
                                  by:           to be powered

   p60  line 5               Replace:  obselete
                                  by:           obsolete

           line 14             Replace:  Chuggia
                                  by:           Padua

           line 5 up          Replace:  watchmakers
                                  by:           watchmaker's

   p61   line 2              Replace:  John
                                  by:          Charles

   p63  line 2               Replace:  Systèm
                                  by:           Système

           line 3 up          Replace:  Co-ordinate
                                  by:          Co-ordinated

   p64  line 6               Replace:  6000 ago
                                  by:           6000 years ago

   p71  line 8 up          Replace:  Classical
                                  by:           classical

   p73    line 3             Replace: 'oa-oa', 'oa-oa-oa'
                                  by:          'oa-oa', 'oa-oa-a', 'oa-oa-oa'

   p76  line 1               Replace:  Egyptians'
                                  by:           Egyptian

   p77  Figure 5.3       The top part of this figure is unfortunately missing:

                The number 819
                                  There should be an extra digit above the digit <> (lozenge, 0)
                                 This should be:     o  o             (meaning 2 x 400)

                 The number 72,063
                                   There should be two extra digits above o o o  (3 x 20)
                                   These should be:      o o o     (meaning  9 x 8000)

                                                                    <>       (meaning 0 x 400)

   p79    line 20           Replace: science. from
                                  by:          science. From'

   p81   line 19            Replace:  quinzieme
                                  by:           quinzaine

   p87   line 6              Replace:  lawest
                                  by:           lowest

   p93    line 5 up        Replace:  is observed
                                  by:           was observed

             line 4 up        Replace:  of world
                                  by:           of the world
 

   p94    line 6 up        Replace:  2 X 254
                                  by:          2 X 354
 

   p100  line 12 up      Replace:  extra day,
                                  by:          extra day was called

   p102 line 14            Replace:  a celestial sign
                                  by:          celestial signs

   p108 line 7 up         Replace:  call
                                  by:          called

   p110 line 3              Replace:  Sanhedrim
                                  by:          Sanhedrin

   p115  Caption to figure 7.1
                                  Replace:  Getly
                                  by:           Getty

   p120  Table 7.2
              Line starting 'Armelin'
                                  Replace:  3 Dec
                                  by:           31 Dec

              line starting 'Hanin'
                                  Replace:  3 Dec
                                  by:           32 Dec

              line starting 'Philip I'
                                  Replace:  3 Jun
                                  by:           31 Jun

   p121 line 14 up       Replace:  the
                                  by:          be

            line 14 up       Replace:  yearly calendars would
                                  by:          yearly calendars who would

   p122 line 9              Replace:  Order of Council
                                  by:           Order in Council

            line  4 up        Replace:  day week
                                  by:          day week,

   p127 Table 8.1       Replace:  Palaeolithc
                                  by:          Palaeolithic

   p130  line 3 up
   p132 line 16 up
   p435  Index
                                  In these three places:
                                  Replace:  paleolithic
                                  by:           palaeolithic

   p132 line 11 up       Delete:    these

   p139 line  8 up        Replace:  stones which
                                  by:          stones, which

   p141 line  3             Replace:  passes
                                  by:          pass

   p146 line 18            Replace:   Baghadad
                                  by:           Baghdad
 
   p152  line 19           Replace:  three season
                                  by:          three seasons

             line  6 up       Replace:  months
                                  by:          months,

   p154 Table 11.2     Replace:  Epogomenae
                                  by:           Epagomenae

   p155 line  6,7          Replace:  (EN) was invented , which started in 747 BC.
                                  by:          (EN), which started in 747 BC, was invented.

            line  4 up        Replace:  /309)
                                  by:          /309),

   p156  line 3             Replace:  step with moon
                                  by:          step with the moon
 
   p157  line 8             Replace:  disstinguish
                                  by:          distinguish

            line 14            Replace:  years, who
                                  by:           years; these

            line  5 up        Replace:   than
                                  by:           that

   p158 Table 11.3 line 8
                                  Replace:  9 July 552
                                  by:          11 July 552

             line 9             Replace:  Chaldecon
                                  by:           Chalcedon

   p159  line 7             Replace:  do so the this
                                  by:          do so to this

             line 13           Replace:  was
                                  by:           has been

   p162  line 7 up        Replace:  Yin
                                  by:          Yang

             line 7 up        Replace:   Yang
                                  by:           Yin

   p167  line 16           Replace:  10
                                  by:           3

   p180  line 7 up        Replace:  by Meton
                                  by:           to Meton

   p181  line 20           Delete:    also

             line 13 up
                                  Replace:  tithis
                                  by:          tithi

   p182  line 9             Replace:  Abybahta
                                  by:          Aryabhata

             line 10           Replace:  as a
                                  by:           as

             line 18           Replace:  are
                                  by:           is    

   p183  line 12           Replace:  by the power of
                                  by:          and

             line 14           Replace:  constitute of kalpa
                                  by:           constitute a kalpa

   p184  line  10 up     Replace:   a report on the calendars of India in 1952
                                  by:           in 1952, a report on the calendars of India

                     5 up      Replace:   Shah
                                  by:           Riza Shah
 

   p185  line 3 up        Delete:     20th
 
   p187  line 11           Replace:  sloes
                                  by:          shoes

   p192 line  3 up        Replace:  zero rather than one as
                                  by:          zero, rather than one, as

            Table 14.4     Replace: kim
                                 by:          kin
                                 (three occurances)

   p193 line  1             Replace: elapsed for
                                  by:         elapsed, for

            line 13            Replace: Ahua
                                  by:          Ahau

            line 10 up       Replace:  beside
                                  by:          besides

   p197  lines 2, 3, 14 & 157
                                  Replace:  Posideon
                                  by:          Poseideon

   p198  line 16 up      Replace:  781-4 (P-n)
                                  by:           781 - 4P - n

   p202  Table 15.3
                 line 1         Replace:   Quarter days in England and Scotland
                                  by:            English Quarter days and old Scottish Term days

                 line 8         Replace: Scottish quarter days
                                  bt:          Scottish term days
 
   p204 line 19            Replace:  and to took
                                  by:          and took

   p207 line 4             Replace:  Macrobios
                                 by:           Macrobius

            line  2 up        Replace:  23 February 23rd
                                  by:          February 23rd

   p211 line 14            Replace:  with the their
                                  by:           with their

            line 10 up       Replace:   Iupiter
                                  by:           Iuppiter

   p212 line  1             Replace:  a new years
                                  by:           a new year
 
   p213 Table 16.2, column 5, line 3
                                  Replace:  I
                                  by:          IV
                                 (as in columns 3,4)

            Table 16.2, footnote
                                  Replace:   after March VI
                                  by:            before Martius VI

   p214 Caption of figure 16.2
                                  Replace:  Courtsey
                                  by:          Courtesy

            line 4              Replace:  after ante diem
                                  by:           before ante diem
 
   p215  line 15 up      Replace:   August' it
                                  by:           August. It

   p216  line 10           Delete:     Another mnemonic is illustrated in FIG. 16.3.
                                  Note: The original figure referred to is unaccountably missing.

   p217  line 7 up        Remove the semicolon (;) after 'Diocletian'

   p218  line 14          Replace:   727
                                 by:            753

             line 2 up        Replace:   indications
                                  by:           indictions

   p221  line  4            Replace:  Ethanum
                                  by:           Ethanim

             line  5            Replace:  (eight, month
                                  by:          (eighth month

             lines  6 & 17  Replace:  Abib
                                  by:           Aviv

             line 18           Replace:  sacrificed
                                  by:          offered

             line 20           Replace:  Passover happened
                                  by:           Passover would otherwise happen

   p222  line 6             Replace:  Necator
                                  by:           Nicator

   p223   lines 3 up, 1 up
   p224   lines 3, 6, 10, 12, 10up, 7 up
   p226   lines 5, 6, 7, 16, 3 up, 2up
   p227   lines 1, 6, 15up, 14up, 11up, 6up, 4up
   p228   lines 4, 5, 5 up
   p326   lines 9, 12, 13, 11up
   p327   lines 5, 12, 17
   p328   lines 6, 14up
   p329   line 1up
   p331   line 6
       In all these places
                                  Replace:  Molod
                                  by:           Molad
        Which represents a better transliteration from the Hebrew
 
   p223  line 16           Replace:  Gameleal
                                  by:           Gamaliel

             lines 15, 17, 22, 24   In these four lines:
                                  Replace:   Sanhedrim
                                  by:            Sanhedrin

             line 12 up      Replace:   10 chalakim are equal to three
                                  by:            three chalakim are equal to 10

   p224  line 17           Replace:   Nisam
                                  by:           Nisan

   p228   line  6           Replace:  had to postponed
                                  by:           had to be postponed

            line 16 up       Replace:  Keviah) which
                                  by:          Keviah), which

   p232  line 1             Replace:  form which
                                  by:           form of which

   p236  line 17           Replace:   Muhammad Ali
                                  by:           Ali Muhammad

   p237 line  8             Replace:  Gregorian
                                  by:           the Gregorian

   p238 line  2 up        Replace:  17th
                                  by:           13th

   p244 line 3 up
   p245 line 4 up         In these two places:
                                  Replace:   Chacon (with a grave accent on o)
                                  by:           Chacon  (with an acute accent on o)

   p246 line 2              Replace:  the following year on 4 October.
                                  by:          the same year in October.

            line  5 up        Replace:  Gregory IV
                                  by:          Gregory XIV

   p252 line  4             Replace:  provide
                                  by:          provides

            line  19           Replace:  25
                                  by:           24

   p253 line 16 up       Replace:  281
                                  by:          282
 

            line 15 up       Replace:   354
                                  by:           355
                                  (1752 was a leap year)

   p254  Caption to figure 19.6
                                 Replace:  parliament
                                 by:          Parliament

             line 2             Replace:  otherwise known as
                                  by:           the day following

   p257 lines 10-12 up Replace:
   Lagrange was one of the most noted mathematicians and astronomers of his time, if not of all time, who had made important contributions to the theory of planetary dynamics.
                                  by:
   Lagrange, who had made important contributions to the theory of planetary dynamics, was one of the most noted mathematicians and astronomers of his time, if not of  all time.

   p260 line  8             Replace:  world
                                  by:           word

            Caption to figure 20.3
                                  Replace:   that time
                                  by:           the time

   p263  line 15           Replace:   instruction which
                                  by:           instruction, which

   p264   line  4 up      Replace:  have have
                                  by:          have had

   p265   line  3           Replace: what day of the week it is
                                  by:          what is the day of the week is
 
              line 10          Replace:   institution
                                  by:           institutions

              line 8 up       Replace:  west
                                  by:          east
 
              line 7 up       Replace:  west
                                  by:          east

   p267  line 17           Replace:  thy stranger
                                  by:           the stranger

   p268  line 18           Replace:  13 Friday
                                  by:           Friday the 13th

   p270 line  2 up        Replace:  earlier
                                  by:          earlier than that

   p273  line 12 up      Replace:  derive
                                  by:           derives

   p276  line 13 up      Replace:   shop
                                  by:           shops

   p280 line 12-13       Replace:

The identification  of Woden or Odin with Mercury is more problematic  though it is made by several Roman authors
                                by:
Both Woden or Odin and Mercury were  responsible for conducting  the souls of fallen warriors to their new dwellings
          Table 21.2 line 5
                                Replace:  Thor,Thunar
                                by:           Thunar,Thor

                                 Delete:      but the reasons are unclear
 
   p289  line 3             Replace:  arucial
                                  by:           crucial

   p290 Table 22.1,
             line 4 (Egyptian calendar)
                                  Replace:  20-04-0747
                                  by:          26-02-0747

             line 5 (Armenian calendar)
                                  Replace:  BC
                                  by:           AD

            line 6  (Khwarizmian calendar)
                                  Replace:  195206
                                  by:           1952068

             line 21 (Bahai calendar)
                                  Replace:  11-05-1844
                                  by:           09-3-1844

                                  Replace:   2394710
                                  by:            2394647

              line 22 (Saka calendar)
                                   Replace:  04-03-0079
                                   by:           24-03-0079

   p291  line 2             Replace:  using language
                                  by:          using a language

   p292  line 5             Replace:  exception is
                                  by:           exception in

             line 5 & 6 up
                                  Replace: A and B are positive integers
                                  by:          A and B are integers and that A is great or equal to zero
                                                 and B is greater than zero
 
   p293 line 13            Replace:  if A
                                  by:          as A

   p294  line 2 up        Replace:  1+MOD(M',5)
                                  by:          MOD(M',5)

   p295  Bottom line   Replace:  T =
                                  by:          Z =

   p296  line 13 up      Replace:  Zellor
                                  by:          Zeller

   p297  line 1             Replace:  reletion
                                  by:           relation

             line 8             Replace:  4
                                  by:          14

             line 19           Replace:  + B
                                  by:           + B - 1

             Table 23.2    In the line starting 'min.x'
                                 For n = 2, Replace:    4
                                                 by:            14

                                 For n = 8, Replace:    0
                                                  by:            -1

   p298  line 2             Replace:   + B - An
                                  by:           + B - An  - 1

             line 9 up         Replace:  formul
                                   by:          formula

   p302  line 3             Replace:  Chapter 25
                                  by:           Chapter 23

             line 9             Equation 23.16 is on page 296.

             line 13           Replace:  sunday
                                  by:           Sunday

   p305  line 13 up      Replace:  Q =
                                  by:          V =

             line 10, 9 & 8 up
                                  Replace these three lines by:

                                      P = 1992 + 1992/4 - 1992/100 + 1992/400 -1
                                         = 2474
                                      N = 7 - MOD(2474-1,7)

   p306 line  5             Replace:  (C) and N = 5(E)
                                  by:           and N = 5

            line  5             Replace:  7 + 31 - 5
                                  by:          7  + 3 - 5

   p307 line  6             Replace:  indicated
                                  by:          indicates

   p312  line  10 up     Replace:  in the next section; there
                                  by:          further below; in this equation

             line 8 up        Replace:  M =<  m
                                  by:          M >=  m

   p314  line 18           Replace:  Zellor
                                  by:          Zeller

   p316  line 4/5 up     Replace:   Jg values given in Table 25.1
                                  by:          day numbers ( Jg ) in Table 22.1

   p319  line 7             Replace:  y' - y0'
                                  by:          Y' - Y0'

             line 9             Replace:  y' - y0'
                                  by:          Y' - Y0'

             line 11 up      Replace:  desirable
                                  by:          essential

             line 3 up        The 'h' in 'h is' should be in italics.

   p323  line 6 up        Replace:  (25.8)
                                  by:          (25.3)

                   5 up        Replace:  (25.9)
                                  by:          (25.8)

                   4 up        Replace:  (25.26)
                                  by:          (25.9)

   p327  line 15 up      The last letter, 'y', should be in italics

             line 12 up      Replace:  y',19
                                  by:          y,19

             line 11 up      Replace:  and 19 in an
                                  by:          and 13 in an

             line 6 up        Replace:  y/19
                                  by:          (y'/19)

             line 3 up        Replace:  y - 234
                                  by:           y' + 1

   p328  line 5             Replace:  t',k
                                  by:          t,k

             line 16 up      Replace:  /11
                                  by:          /12

            line  3 up        Replace:  one if
                                  by:          one, if

            line  2 up       Replace:   required or
                                  by:          required, or

   p331 line  1 up       Replace:  into future
                                  by:         into the future

   p335 line  6            Replace:  following, many workers in the field take
                                  by:         following many scholars, take
 

   p337  line 9             Replace:  1
                                  by:          -1

             line 11           Replace:  + Q
                                  by:           = Q

             line 10 up      Replace:  27.6
                                  by:           27.4

             line 3 up        Replace:   - 3
                                  by:           + 3

  p338   line 3 up        Replace:   p(73*5) - (52*7)
                                  by:           p(73*5 - 52*7)

  p339   line 11 up      Replace:   3245862
                                  by:           584285

   p341  line 17 up      Replace:   27.11
                                  by:           27.13

             line 5 up        Replace:   kim
                                  by:           kin

   p342  line 9 up        Replace:   3245862
                                  by:           584285

   p345  line 3             Replace:  Oster
                                  by:           Ostern

   p346 line 12 up       Replace: knew
                                  by:         had known 

   p347   line 10 up     Replace:   Bythnia
                                  by:           Bithynia

                                  Replace:   eastern
                                  by:           western

   p348   lines 1,2       Replace:   practice by the Council of Antioch in AD 341,
                                  by:           practice in AD 341 (by the Council of Antioch),

              line  2           Replace:  and further
                                  by:           and despite further

              line 7            Replace:  as Constantinople
                                  by:          Constantinople

              line 3 up       Replace:  there were, at that time,
                                  by:          there were

   p350   line 13          Replace:  Aquataine
                                  by:           Aquitaine

              lines 3,2,1 up and p 351 lines 1,2,3
                                  Replace these lines:  Dennis knew  ..........  was also the first year of a cycle
                                  by:
Dennis knew that there was a new moon on 23rd March 323 AD and he also  believed  (wrongly) that there was an equinox on  the  same day.  This coincidence seemed  a good reason to assign this  year to  the first of a Metonic cycle.   He then worked out from  this assumption that the first new moon of 325 AD fell on January  1st which  by  a  happy coincidence was the year of  the  Council  of  Nicaea.  Finally he calculated that 1 BC, the year he had decided was that of the Nativity, was also the first year of a cycle.

 
   p352  line 6 up         Replace:  order of council
                                   by:          order in Council

   p356 line 14            Replace:  effect
                                  by:          affect

            line 16-13 up
                                  Replace:  This, it may be ..........seem desirable
                                  by:
This, it may be calculated, ensures that a new moon fell on March 23rd  AD  323 and on January 1st in the year of  the  Council  of  Nicaea.  The reasons for this apparently arbitrary choice for the start of the 19 year cycles has been explained above.

   p361  line 7 up        Replace:  29
                                  by:          30
 
   p364  line 2 up        Replace:  31
                                  by:          32

   p367  line 16 up      Replace: down wards
                                  by:         downwards
 

   p368  line 3             Replace: solar equation is given
                                  by:         solar equation (for H>15) is given

             between lines 10 and 11:
                                                Equation (29.8), it turns out ,  is valid for H=15, and
                                                indeed for any H greater than 0.

             line 14           Replace:  alone for
                                  by:          alone, for
 

             line 9  up       Replace:  lunar correction is given
                                  by:           lunar correction (for H>17) is given

             line 7 up        Replace:  Z/2
                                  by:          Z/24

             between lines 4 up and 3 up insert
                                                 Equation (29.11) is valid for any century, H > 13.

   p369 line 13            Replace:  were in
                                  by:          were at in
 
            line  9 up        Replace:   one fell
                                  by:           one of them fell

   p370 line  1             Replace:  up
                                  by:           back

   p372 line   9           Replace:   24 or if G >= 12
                                 by:           24, or if G>12
                                 Please note that the >= symbol used here should be the 'greater than or equal' sign
 
            line  10          Replace:  = 25 and in
                                 by:          = 25, and in

            line 14 & 15  Replace these two lines by:
 
                                 epact and which takes its two greatest values, 29 and 28,
                                 when the epact is 24 and 25 repectively. To do this, consider
                                 the expression derived from equation 29.3:
 
             line 16           Replace:  53*E
                                  by:           53 - E

             line 17           Replace:  11 X (29 - U)
                                  by:           11(29 - U)
 

            line  14 up    Replace:  H
                                  by:         U

             line  12 up    Replace:  -11H  = 11(29 - H)
                                  by:         -11U   = 11(29 - U)

             line  11 up    Replace:   11
                                 by:            12

    p375 Algorithm O, step 3
                                 Delete:       (29.7)

    p377 line  13 up    Replace:  be
                                 by:          he   
 
    p380 line  5 up      Replace:  TABLE 30.1
                                 by:          TABLE 29.1

 
             line  2 up      Replace:  TABLE 30.1
                                 by:          TABLE 29.1

 
    p382 line 6 & 7     Replace:  TABLE 30.1
                                 by:          TABLE 29.1

 
             line  8            Replace:  TABLE 30.1
                                  by:          TABLE 29.1
 
             line  10          Replace:  TABLE 30.1
                                  by:          TABLE 29.1

    p388  line 18           The formula on this line should read:
                                  29.5305888531 + 0.00000021621T - 3.64 x 10-10  T2

   p389 Table 1.1        The values in this table should be:

                                  4000 B.C.     29.53057457     29d  12h  44m   1.64s
                                  3000 B.C.     29.53057714     29d  12h  44m   1.86s
                                  2000 B.C.     29.53057962     29d  12h  44m   2.08s
                                  1000 B.C.     29.53058204     29d  12h  44m   2.29s
                                        1 A.D.     29.53058439     29d  12h  44m   2.49s
                                  1000 A.D.     29.53058665     29d  12h  44m   2.69s
                                  2000 A.D.     29.53058885     29d  12h  44m   2.88s

   p390 Table 1.2        The values in this table should be:

                                  4000 B.C.     365.2424992    365d   5h  49m  11.93s
                                  3000 B.C.     365.2424625    365d   5h  49m   8.76s
                                  2000 B.C.     365.2424177    365d   5h  49m   4.89s
                                  1000 B.C.     365.2423664    365d   5h  49m   0.46s
                                        1 A.D.     365.2423103    365d   5h  48m  55.61s
                                  1000 A.D.     365.2422509    365d   5h  48m  50.48s
                       &n