These images compare Chris Bennett's truck turbo, with the turbo used on my rig.
The auxillaries; fuel pump, oil pump, cooler and sump. Plus a few loose thermocouple cables, fuel, oil and air lines.
The silencer (white cylinder) helps to reduce the noise generated by the compressor - which can be loud enough to be uncomfortable. It becomes possible (but not advisable) to work on the rig without ear defenders with this fitted.
Here are some other turbos. On the left is a turbo off an Indycar. It is notable for its back-to-front compressor volute. In the middle is a small turbo off a road car, a Sierra Cosworth. It has an exhaust waste gate integral with the turbine housing, actuated by a diaphragm from the compressor delivery duct.